Personal pronouns

Personal Pronouns (Kata ganti Orang/benda)
Personal pronouns adalah kata ganti yang menggantikan orang atau sesuatu yang kita bicarakan. Personal pronoun dalam bahasa Inggris mencakup:

Tunggal I (saya) You (kamu) He (dia laki-laki) She (dia perempuan) It (dia benda)

Jamak We (kami/kita) You (kalian) They (mereka)

2. Kata kerja “to be”
Kata kerja “be” berarti ada.
Kata kerja ini merupakan kata kerja penghubung, yang menghubungkan sebuah subjek dan sesuatu yang terhubung dengan subjek tersebut. Bentuk present simple dari “to be” adalah sebagai berikut:

Tunggal I am You are He is She is It is

Jamak We are You are They are

3. Kalimat Dasar
Bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa SPO (Subjek Predikat Objek) – yang berarti bahwa kalimat-kalimat tersusun atas subjek terlebih dahulu, lalu kata kerja, dan terakhir objek. Dengan menggunakan grammar di atas sekarang kita bisa membuat kalimat dasar dalam bahasa Inggris, misalnya:

• I am a teacher (saya seorang guru)
• She is happy (dia bahagia)
• They are students (mereka adalah siswa)

Contoh penggunaan dalam dialog:
(1) Hi, Sylvia! How are you?
I am fine, thanks. How are you?
I am very well!
(2) Hi, my name is Tyler.
Nice to meet you, Tyler. My name is Sylvia.
It is nice to meet you too. Sylvia.
(3) Hi, Tyler! How are you?
Oh, I am OK. How about you?
I am great, thanks.
(4) What is your name?
My name is Tyler Saunders. What’s your name?
My name is Sylvia. It is nice to meet you, Tyler.
Nice to meet you too. Where are you from?
I am from China.

Kosa kata baru dalam dialog-dialog di atas:

I = saya you = kamu/anda name = nama meet = bertemu thank = terima kasih

what = apa where = dimana how = bagaimana China = Cina

belajar ucapan dasar

 Ekspresi Silaturrahmi

(1) Ketika Seseorang Tiba

• Welcome = selamat datang
• Welcome back! = selamat datang kembali
• Come in. = silahkan masuk
• It’s good to meet you. (pada saat pertama kali saja) = senang berjumpa dengan Anda.
• It’s good to see you again. (waktu mau berpisah) = senang berjumpa dengan Anda.

(2) Ketika Seseorang Mau Pergi

• It’s been nice talking with you. = Senang rasanya bisa ngobrol dengan Anda
• Have a good/nice day. = Semoga hari-harimu menyenangkan.
• Have a nice weekend. = Selamat berakhir pekan
• Have a nice trip. = Selamat menikmati perjalanan Anda
• Have fun. = Selamat bersenang-senang

b. Kata-kata Yang Memberikan Semangat

• Good luck! = Semoga berhasil
• Good luck on your test. = Selamat beristirahat
• You can do it! = Anda pasti bisa melakukannya
• Do your best. = Lakukan yang terbaik
• Do the best you can. = Lakukan yang terbaik yang Anda bisa
• Work hard. = Bekerja keraslah
• Keep up the good work. = Teruslah berusaha dengan baik

c. Menenangkan

• Take it easy. = Tenang!
• Don’t worry. = Jangan khawatir
• That’s okay. = Tidak apa-apa!
• It’s going to be all right. = Semuanya akan baik-baik saja
• Everything will be fine. = Semuanya akan baik-baik saja
• No problem. = Tidak masalah

d. Respon Terhadap Berita Baik

• Wow! = wow!
• That’s great! = Bagus sekali itu!
• That’s wonderful. = Bagus sekali
• That’s really good news. = Itu berita yang bagus
• I’m glad/happy to hear that. = Saya senang mendengarnya
• Congratulations! = Selamat ya!
• Good for you!  = Bagus untuk Anda!
• Good job! = Kerja yang bagus!

e. Respon Terhadap Berita Buruk

• That’s too bad. = Aduh, parah sekali!
• That’s really sad. = Sungguh menyedihkan
• That’s terrible! (untuk berita yang amat buruk) = Aduh parah sekali!
• I’m sorry to hear that. (khusus untuk berita yang membuat orang lain sedih) = Saya turut bersedih

Parts of speech

“Parts of speech” are the basic types of words that English has. Most grammar books say that there are eight parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions and interjections. We will add one more type: articles.

It is important to be able to recognize and identify the different types of words in English, so that you can understand grammar explanations and use the right word form in the right place. Here is a brief explanation of what the parts of speech are:

Noun	A noun is a naming word. It names a person, place, thing, idea, living creature, quality, or action. Examples: cowboy, theatre, box, thought, tree, kindness, arrival
Verb	A verb is a word which describes an action (doing something) or a state (being something). Examples: walk, talk, think, believe, live, like, want
Adjective	An adjective is a word that describes a noun. It tells you something about the noun. Examples: big, yellow, thin, amazing, beautiful, quick, important
Adverb	An adverb is a word which usually describes a verb. It tells you how something is done. It may also tell you when or where something happened. Examples: slowly, intelligently, well, yesterday, tomorrow, here, everywhere
Pronoun	A pronoun is used instead of a noun, to avoid repeating the noun. Examples: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Conjunction	A conjunction joins two words, phrases or sentences together. Examples: but, so, and, because, or
Preposition	A preposition usually comes before a noun, pronoun or noun phrase. It joins the noun to some other part of the sentence. Examples: on, in, by, with, under, through, at
Interjection	An interjection is an unusual kind of word, because it often stands alone. Interjections are words which express emotion or surprise, and they are usually followed by exclamation marks. Examples: Ouch!, Hello!, Hurray!, Oh no!, Ha!
Article	An article is used to introduce a noun. Examples: the, a, an